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Battle of Sana'a (2011)
The Battle of Sana'a was a battle during the 2011 Yemeni uprising between forces loyal to Yemeni leader Ali Abdullah Saleh and opposition tribal forces led by Sheikh Sadiq al-Ahmar for control of the Yemeni capital Sana'a and, on the part of the opposition, for the purpose of the downfall of president Saleh.
==Background==
The 2011 Yemeni uprising followed the initial stages of the Tunisian Revolution and occurred simultaneously with the Egyptian Revolution〔(Yemen Protests: Thousands Call on President to Leave ). Bbc.co.uk (2011-01-27). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 and other mass protests in the Middle East in early 2011. In the early phase, protests in Yemen were initially against unemployment, economic conditions〔("Update 1 – Protests Erupt in Yemen, President Offers Reform" ). Af.reuters.com (2011-01-20). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 and corruption,〔(Yemen Protests: 'People Are Fed Up with Corruption' ). Bbc.co.uk (2011-01-27). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 and the poor economy of Yemen.〔(Yemen Protests Urge Leader's Exit – Thousands of Students, Activists and Opposition Groups Stage Anti-President Protest at Sana'a University ). English.aljazeera.net (2011-01-23). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 as well as against the government's proposals to modify Yemen's constitution. The protestors' demands then escalated to calls for Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh to resign. Mass defections from the military, as well as from Saleh's government, had effectively rendered much of the country outside of the government's control, and protesters vowed to defy its authority.
A major demonstration of over 16,000 protestors took place in Sana'a, Yemen's capital, on 27 January, including at least 10,000 at Sana'a University.〔(Yemenis in Anti-President Protest ). Irishtimes.com (2011-01-27). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 On 2 February, Saleh announced he would not run for reelection in 2013 and that he would not pass power to his son. On 3 February, 20,000 people protested against the government in Sana'a,〔(Tens of Thousands Turn Out for Rival Rallies in Yemen – Anti-Government Protesters in Sana Are Met with a Competing Rally Across Town by the President's Supporters, Who Get Logistical Support from the Army ). Latimes.com (2011-02-03). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕〔(Yemen Protests: 20,000 Call for President Saleh To Go ). Bbc.co.uk (2011-02-03). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 while others protested in Aden,〔(Opposing Protesters Rally in Yemen – Anti-Government Demonstrators Reiterate Calls for President To Stand Down While His Supporters Stage a Counter Rally ). English.aljazeera.net (2011-02-03). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 a southern Yemeni seaport city, in a "Day of Rage" called for by Tawakel Karman,〔(New Protests Erupt in Yemen – Activists Calling for the Ouster of President Clash with Government Supporters in Sanaa ). English.aljazeera.net (2011-01-29). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 while soldiers, armed members of the General People's Congress and many protestors held a pro-government rally in Sana'a.〔(Saleh Partisans Take Over Yemen Protest Site ). News.oneindia.in (2011-02-03). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 In a "Friday of Anger" on 18 February, tens of thousands of Yemenis took part in anti-government demonstrations in Taiz, Sana'a and Aden. On a "Friday of No Return" on 11 March, protestors called for Saleh's ousting in Sana'a where three people were killed. More protests were held in other cities, including Al Mukalla, where one person was killed. On 18 March, protesters in Sana'a were fired upon resulting in over forty deaths and ultimately culminating in mass defections and resignations.
On 23 April, Saleh accepted a proposal to step down and shift control to his deputy after thirty days. The agreement included immunity for him and his family and further required the opposition to stop public protests and join a coalition with Saleh's ruling party. Reactions to Saleh's acceptance had been reserved, without the agreement formalized or accepted by both sides and with the possibility of the stand-off continuing. After initially refusing to accept Saleh's conditions, the opposition decided to agree to the deal, and it was expected to go into effect by 2 May.〔(Yemen deal may be done within week: officials ). Reuters.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 However, Saleh decided not to sign the deal, and the opposition has rejected a proposal under which top officials of his party would sign it as a proxy, leaving the deal in limbo.〔(Yemeni Peace Process Collapses ). Theaustralian.com.au (2011-05-02). Retrieved on 2011-06-05.〕 On 22 May, after Saleh had agreed to the deal only to back away hours before the scheduled signing for the third time, the Gulf Co-operation Council declared it was suspending its efforts to mediate in Yemen.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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